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Jovens e fatores de risco para o comportamento sexual na América do Norte: uma revisão de escopo

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Introdução: Os comportamentos sexuais dos jovens no final da adolescência e durante a fase da adultez emergente são influenciados por diversos fatores. Por ser uma etapa marcada pela exploração e instabilidade, há múltiplos desafios relevantes no desenvolvimento da identidade e das relações sexo-afetivas, sendo as decisões nesse contexto cruciais para o desenvolvimento saudável da sexualidade e a prevenção de comportamentos de risco associados a maiores taxas de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis ou gestações indesejadas. Este artigo sintetiza evidências recentes sobre fatores de risco entre os jovens. Objetivo: Esta revisão buscou identificar fatores de risco associados ao comportamento sexual em jovens de 17 a 25 anos na América do Norte. Metodologia: Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO e Erudit no período de 2020–2024, seguindo as diretrizes do protocolo PRISMA. Foram considerados estudos originais em inglês, francês e espanhol que examinassem fatores de risco para o comportamento sexual em indivíduos entre 17 e 25 anos, realizados nos EUA, Canadá ou México. Resultados: Um total de 11 estudos atendeu aos critérios de seleção. Todos exploraram fatores de risco associados ao comportamento sexual, identificando riscos relacionados a características sociodemográficas e outros fatores, principalmente a baixa percepção de risco e o consumo de álcool e outras drogas. Conclusões: Vários fatores influenciam o comportamento sexual dos jovens, sendo a influência do contexto social e cultural particularmente relevante, especialmente nos homens. Esses fatores devem ser abordados de maneira integral, considerando o desenvolvimento psicológico e social dos jovens.

Palavras-chave:

Comportamento sexual , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , América do Norte

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