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Youth and risk factors for sexual behaviour in North America: a scoping review

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Abstract

Introduction: Young people's sexual behaviours in late adolescence and during emerging adulthood are influenced by various factors. As this stage is characterized by exploration and instability, it presents multiple significant challenges in the development of identity and romantic-sexual relationships. Decisions made during this period are crucial for the healthy development of sexuality and the prevention of risk behaviours associated with higher rates of sexually transmitted infections or unintended pregnancies. This article synthesizes recent evidence on risk factors among youth. Objective: to identify risk factors associated with sexual behaviour in young people aged 17 to 25 in North America. Methodology: Searches were conducted in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Erudit databases for the period 2020–2024, following the PRISMA protocol guidelines. Original studies in English, French, and Spanish examining risk factors for sexual behaviour in individuals aged 17 to 25 from the U.S., Canada, or Mexico were considered. Results: A total of 11 studies met the selection criteria. All explored risk factors associated with sexual behaviour, identifying risks related to sociodemographic characteristics and other factors, primarily low risk perception and alcohol and other drug use. Conclusions: Various factors influence the sexual behaviour of young people, with the influence of the social and cultural context being particularly relevant, especially in males. These factors must be addressed comprehensively, considering the psychological and social development of young people.

Keywords:

Sexual Behavior , Risk Factors , Young Adult , Adolescent , North America

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